Restrictive Factors and Main Problems in the Development of China 's Auto Parts Industry
Popularity：922issuing time：2017-06-15
At the beginning of 2009, commissioned by the National Development and Reform Commission Industrial Coordination Division, China Automotive Engineering Society conducted a "auto parts industry basic situation and product research and development capabilities survey." The survey was conducted in the form of a comprehensive questionnaire and a technical questionnaire. The scope of the survey for the auto parts of the professional focus of the production enterprises, as well as engines, transmissions, axles, steering systems and braking systems, and other five major components and components of the major production enterprises. Including a total of 522 comprehensive questionnaires were distributed, 148 were recovered; technical questionnaires were issued 119 copies, 43 copies were recovered. The following discussion is based on the results of this questionnaire, combined with some of the vehicle and parts enterprises to visit and research.
（一）缺乏系统性规划(I) lack of systematic planning
We are still lack of auto parts industry transformation, upgrading the direction and policy measures of the systematic planning.
1994 and 2004 of the automobile industry policy are concerned about the development of auto parts, "auto industry restructuring and revitalization plan" is the key automotive parts and components technology research and development, autonomy and industrialization, the merger and reorganization of parts and components And the parts and components exports and other content repeatedly mentioned, but this is not enough, we also lack the transformation of the auto parts industry and the process of upgrading the system of strategic design and policy design, including strategic objectives, implementation steps, Policy measures and so on.
We should focus on the domestic market, but also concerned about the export market; not only concerned about high-tech parts, but also concerned about the different technical level (not only concerned about the market, but also concerned about the market, but also concerned about the market Of the parts, so that China's auto parts industry transformation and upgrading with a clear direction.
(B) the lack of core technology is the bottleneck restricting development
Recent cases show that China's auto parts products in the field of high-end technology and the gap between the world's leading level, not with the scale of China's auto industry continued to grow and gradually narrow, but there is an expanding trend. This is mainly reflected in: foreign-invested enterprises in the key components of the vehicle supporting, with strong technical strength, firmly occupy the commanding heights of market competition, the Chinese auto parts manufacturers in the core technology on the degree of dependence on foreign investors is quite high. In 2007, China's automobile EFI system, engine management system (EMS), ABS, micro-motor, airbag production, the proportion of foreign-funded enterprises were 100%, 100%, 91%, 97% and 69%.
The lack of core technology is also restricting the development of parts industry itself bottleneck. In the country on the scale of more than 5,000 auto parts enterprises, there are currently more than 1,200 foreign-invested enterprises, and foreign-owned, holding the trend more obvious.
(C) human resources and technical resources are weak links
The survey, the "constraints of enterprises to improve product development capabilities of the main factors" of the survey results particularly worthy of attention.
In the survey, a total of 13 factors were included, including: human resources, capital resources, high-tech product technology resources, production and research cooperation resources, government and industry support, enterprise management level, corporate culture and incentive mechanism, lack of corresponding Strategic planning, poor intellectual property protection, enterprise product market share is not big enough, foreign joint venture is not active, supporting the vehicle factory is not active, increasingly stringent laws and regulations. The survey results show that the human resources factor is the first important factor restricting the enterprise to improve the product development ability, followed by the high technical content of product technology resources, capital resources is one of the more important factors.
In addition, the survey on "the most needed product development capabilities," the survey results also revealed some important issues. The survey results show that, in addition to 42.7% of the enterprises that "complete process of new product development" for the most in need of product development capabilities, the total more than 50% of the enterprises that the domestic product manufacturing process development, reverse development, adaptability Development and other three for the most in need of product development capabilities.
Which we can draw two conclusions: First, the current vehicle enterprises on the parts and components of enterprise product development capabilities still remain at a lower level; Second, the development of independent brand vehicle and technical level, On the parts industry to improve the ability of independent research and development play an important role in promoting.
(D) "zero-zero relationship" situation has affected the improvement of competitiveness
At present, the scattered parts industry and the ability to innovate weak, to a large extent by the vehicle business between the supply situation, trading methods, functional sharing and other aspects of the relationship between the impact.
According to the results of this survey and corporate research, we can "zero relationship" situation on the competitiveness of parts and components of the negative impact of the following analysis:
First, the role of local protection in the "zero relationship", objectively exacerbated the scattered situation.
Second, with the vehicle supplier supply relationship is unstable, so that parts companies are reluctant to carry out product development.
Third, the return on investment without guarantee, so that parts companies can not carry out product development. The survey results show that in the vehicle and parts enterprises in the pricing agreement, as much as 25% of the situation completely without considering the recovery of these investments, coupled with the instability of the relationship with the OEMs, making parts companies dare not R & D invested too much money and energy.
(5) lack of innovation capacity of industrial clusters, low level of competition is outstanding
China has basically formed the Northeast, Beijing, Tianjin, Central China, Southwest, Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta and other six parts industry cluster, but China's parts industry cluster is still in the initial stage of development, there are many outstanding problems:
First, the "scattered, chaotic, small" situation is more common. National car manufacturers for the nearest package, have set up industrial parks, often a county production of the same auto parts manufacturers have dozens, the formation of "scattered, chaotic, small" situation.
Second, the lack of powerful key parts of the leading enterprises. In 2007, China's largest parts company Wanxiang Group operating income of 40.8 billion yuan, while the world's largest auto parts business Bosch Group in 2007 sales of 36.2 billion US dollars, the gap between the two huge.
Third, still in the use of low-cost advantage stage, lack of innovation.
(6) parts export and internationalization face many challenges
According to the survey, there are no products export enterprises, 84.2% of the parts and components enterprises in the next 5 years there are plans to export products; on other international initiatives, there are 44.12% of enterprises have technology Export considerations, there are 26.47% of enterprises have overseas factories or overseas acquisitions to consider.
Survey data show that 23.2% of the surveyed enterprises through their own sales channels for export, product export strength has improved. But on the processing of export products and exports of major obstacles to the survey results, but also reflects the export of China's auto parts and international products face many challenges:
First, the localization of export products material issues worthy of attention. Whether processing or processing, will increase the cost of product materials, so the localization of export products is very important, the only way to effectively play the advantages of low labor costs.
Second, the low value-added of export products has not changed. At present, China's auto parts exports are mainly based on factor cost advantage, the export of parts and components products, the majority of aluminum wheels, water tanks, glass, wire harness and other low value-added, high resource consumption products.
Thirdly, the issue of intellectual property rights involved in the export of automobile products has not attracted enough attention. Recently, China's auto parts enterprises and foreign companies in intellectual property rights in the legal proceedings increased, but the survey of enterprises on the main obstacles to the views of exports, this issue did not cause enough attention to the enterprise.